The real-name train ticket policy become applicable to high-speed and bullet trains (C, G, D trains) in June 2011. From January 1, 2012, this policy applies to all trains in China.
Valid forms of identification that can be shown to purchase a 'real-name train ticket' include: Chinese citizen identification card, passport, Permit of Inland Entry and Exit for Hong Kong and Macau Residents, Permit of Mainland Land Entry and Exit for Taiwan Residents, Home-return Permit, Permit for Mainland Residents to Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, Residence Permit for Foreigners, Aliens’ Exit-Entry Permit, Diplomat Certificate, Consulate Certificate, Seafarer Certificate, etc. The first four identification documents can be used for online reservation.
One valid identification document is required to purchase one ticket on the same date and on the same train, excluding tickets for children with accompanying adults. If you are outside of China at the time of purchasing your train ticket, you may have a friend in China book your ticket on your behalf. To do this, they must present the original or a copy of your passport, together with his or her own identification document.
The real-name policy is implemented not only for the purchasing of train tickets, but also for checking-in procedures. It is required in Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Guangzhou, and Chengdu, as well as their subordinate cities, totaling 50 stations. The passenger’s name and the number of the identification document will be printed on the ticket. Passengers should keep the train ticket with their identification document, pass inspection, and then pass the security and check-in desks at destination stations.